The secret behind multilayer PCB design is out in the open!

Multilayer PCB design principles to follow

With the rapid development of the electronics industry, multilayer PCB has become a core part of many electronic devices. When designing multilayer PCBs, certain principles must be followed to ensure their reliability, stability and performance. This article will detail several important principles that need to be followed in multilayer PCB design.

First, choose the right number of layers

The biggest advantage of multilayer PCBs is that they provide more wiring space and number of layers. However, increasing the number of layers will also increase the design and manufacturing costs. Therefore, when designing a multilayer PCB, you need to choose the right number of layers according to the actual needs. Generally speaking, if you need more wiring space or need higher signal quality, you can choose more layers.

Second, wiring design

Wiring is a key part of PCB design, especially important for multilayer PCB. Design need to pay attention to the following points:

Reasonable planning of wiring space to ensure that signal lines, power lines and ground lines have enough space to avoid mutual interference.
Use 45° angle alignment to improve the quality and reliability of signal transmission.
Avoid using too many over-holes and connectors to minimize signal loss and noise.
For critical signals, such as high-speed signals and high-frequency signals, separate wiring design is required to ensure signal quality.

Third, power and ground design

Power and ground are one of the two most important parts of the PCB. Good power and ground design can ensure the normal operation and stability of the circuit. The following points need to be noted in the design:

Reasonable planning of the layout of the power and ground lines to ensure that they are located and have the shortest paths to minimize resistance and noise.
For high voltage or high current power supplies, appropriate decoupling capacitors need to be used to minimize the impact of power supply noise on the circuit.
The design of the ground line needs to take into account the signal loop to ensure stable signal transmission.

IV. Thermal design

As the complexity and integration of electronic equipment increases, thermal design has become an increasingly important issue. Good thermal design can ensure the normal operation of electronic equipment in a high-temperature environment, improve its reliability and stability. When designing multilayer PCBs, the following points need to be noted:

select suitable materials and processes to reduce thermal impedance and heat dissipation capacity.
add appropriate heat sinks and heat pipes around components with high power consumption to help dissipate heat.
avoid leaving voids or dead space on the PCB to ensure hot air circulation.